The Runaways

Title: The Runaways

Author: Fatima Bhutto

Publisher: Penguin Viking, 2018 (First)

ISBN: 9780670088515

Pages: 422

Apart from the religious divide that separated the newly born states of India and Pakistan in 1947, a distinct contrast in the running of both countries was seen right from the beginning. Even though Pakistan professed its adoption of democracy, what they had in effect was a form of feudal aristocracy polished for popular consumption and easy digestibility for the liberals. A few super-rich families controlled the destiny of the country, with their strangulating hold on the all-powerful army and bureaucracy. The Bhuttos were one such family that once controlled almost half the cultivable land of the southern province of Sindh. Fatima Bhutto is the daughter of Murtaza Bhutto, niece of Benazir Bhutto and granddaughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. She is an easily recognizable Pakistani writer and her memoir titled ‘Songs of Blood and Sword’ was reviewed earlier here. In this book, which is a novel, Bhutto presents a tragic sequence of events that drew three impressionable Muslim youths into jihad sponsored by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.

Bhutto’s selection of the cast is admirably representative. All the three – two boys and a girl – have lost their roots in the society they live and manage to push a forlorn existence just by doing nothing worthwhile. One is a second-generation Indian Muslim boy living in England, who is enraged by the apathy shown by the British people to the immigrants. His father migrated to England early on and was quite content with having received admission into the society. But the second generation wants assimilation, which is not forthcoming. The other boy is the son of a Pakistani aristocrat who lives in Karachi in an artificial bubble, insulated from the scum of the city by posh homes, elite restaurants and luxury cars. Lack of proper guidance leads the boy to fall for shallow relationships which is taken very seriously by him, thereby becoming a puppet of fate in the larger scheme of things. The third character is a Christian girl in the Karachi slums. Being penniless and belonging to a minority community means hell in Pakistan. After recurring abuse and humiliation by her peers, the girl and her brother assume Muslim names at first and then have to convert to that faith, just in order to obtain the status of a human being that is automatically granted to citizens anywhere in the world. All three discontented youths end up in the lure of Islamic terrorism like moths fluttering into the flame. Bhutto has maintained a very relevant and convincing plot in the novel.

The author’s credentials as a secular intellectual is impeccable, yet she has provided considerable leeway to sympathizers of jihadism. All educated Muslims appear to be nostalgic about the Moorish kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula which Islam had won and conquered in the first century after the religion’s birth. But they were defeated and evicted in the fifteenth century by Christian forces. The fact that not a trace of Moorish culture is seen today in Iberia is mourned even by moderate Muslims. They forget that the Islamic invaders had done exactly the same thing in the lands that fell under their horses’ hoofs. Hints that suggest cultural alienation of youths drive them to radicalism look like apology to jihadism. There are Hindu, Buddhist and Jewish migrants living in Europe who are also subjected to the same treatment, but they don’t queue up to join terrorists. The whites are accused of not being able to understand the migrants and their struggles. This may be true, but then again, they didn’t force the migrants to leave their home country in the first place!

The ISIS terrorists shocked the world through their explicit video clips of beheadings, shootings and burnings alive. They have proved themselves to be inhuman monsters who don’t deserve an iota of mercy or empathy from the civilized world. However, this book portrays them as excitable teenagers who anguish over the low speed of their data connection on their mobile phones in the middle of the desert. All of them are addicts of social media, which again makes them identifiable with the other youth.

The author’s observation that the ‘only way to look at powerful societies is through the people they excluded’ is prescient and original. So is the wry comment that the youths’ life was marked only by its unremarkability. The book contains such nice references readers can carry in their minds. The author also paints a colourful picture of liberated Pakistani women in England and the moral wreck caused by Birmingham grooming gangs in which gangs of Pakistani men and boys sexually abused British women in a systematically organized manner.

Bhutto makes a dig at India when she says that ‘the bacterial disease of trachoma, spread by flies was eradicated in most of the world, even India, but was still knocking around in Turkey’ (p.158). This is mild and pardonable, coming from a person whose grandfather was supposedly willing to eat grass to have a nuclear bomb to match India and to fight it for a thousand years. However, the irony of his judicial murder committed by his own countrymen within a decade of this speech is profound, which displays the insignificance of Pakistan’s politicians when the army is poised against them. This novel is structured in a descriptive style, with the author’s presence felt in every page. This makes the story unfold in a rather forced way as the author never recedes into the background. This plan leaves the plot with too few conversations between characters. A strong argument against this work is the humanization of inhuman terrorists. She paints them in so casual a tone that a comparison is unwittingly made by readers to William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’. It tells the story of a group of children who get trapped in an island by shipwreck. At first, they form a disciplined organisation to arrange efforts to get the attention of passing ships. But as time goes on, hope fades and despair sets in, making their descent into the abyss of barbarism. Reading about the radicalization of two innocent youths as they walk on a mission to cross the Iraqi desert reminds one of Golding’s masterpiece.

The book is recommended.

Rating: 3 Star